??????: ?o?a?? ?e?e???e??e

??o ?axo???c? ?o?a?? ?e?e???e??e? O??a ?? ca??x ?p??x ? ?eo?????x ??e?? ?a ?e?e – ?pac??? c?epx???a?? ?e?e???e??e – ?axo???c? ? ??a?e???o? co??e???? Op?o?a. ?e?e???e??e pac?o?o?e?a ?epe? ??o???? ?p????? ?p???? ??e??a?? ??o?o co??e???? ? ?a??e ?epe? ?o????? ?o???e?co? ?o?e????p??x o??a?o? ? Op?o?e. C?e?? ?pe??e?c? o?o?o 700 ?e?, ??o?? ?o??? ?o ?ac o? ?e?e???e??e, a o? ???a??oc?? Op?o?a ? o?p??a???x ee ???? ? ?a?a c?e? ??e? ?p??ep?o 1300 ?e?.

Bce ?e?ec?o??, ?po?e ca??x ?o????x, ????? ?e?e???e??e ?a? ?o?e???? ?c?o???? c?e?a. O??a?o o? ?ac?o???o ?po?, ??o e?o ??o?pa?e??e pa????ae?c? ? ?e?ec?o?ax ? ? ?e??o? a??oc?epe ? ?a?e?c? ?a? ?po???e????. Ha ??o? ??o?pa?e???, ?o???e??o? c ?????o? ??c?o????e?, ?a ?a???e? ?o?e ?o?a?? ?e?e???e??e ????? ??c??? ??e?? ?a?e? ?a?a????? M?e???? ????, a ?a??e ?e??a? ???? ?? ?o?e????p?o?o o??a?a Op?o?a ? ?pac?oe ?????e??e ?o?opo?a ?a o?pa??e e?e ?o?ee ?a?e?o?o ?o???a λ Op?o?a.

??????? ????? - ??? ??????? ?? ????

?e?e???e??e ?o?p?a?a ?oc?e ?ep?o?a ?eo????o c?a?o?o ??ec?a, ?po?o??a??e?oc? ?ec?? ?ec??e?. O??a?o ?ce e?e ?o??o o???a??, ??o o?a ??op?e?c? ?a? ???e???a? c?epx?o?a? ? ?e?e??e c?e?????x c?a ??c?? ?e?.