??????: ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????

Credit: NASA\NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

????????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? – ??????? ? ????????. ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ? ??????, ? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ??????, ???? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????.

??????? ?????:  ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????

?????? ????? ???????????, ??? ????, ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ???????, ??? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ????? ????????, ?????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ???????. ?????????? ??????? ????, ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ? 3-4 ??????????? ????, ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????, ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ? ??????.

??, ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?. ??????? (Michael S. Chaffin) ?? ???????????? ???????????? ? ????????, ???, ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ????????, ???????????? ??????? ????. ? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????, ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????.

??? ???????????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (????), Trace Gas Orbiter (???) ? Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, ??? MAVEN (????). ???????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????, ? ??????? MRO ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????. ?????? MAVEN ????????, ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????, ? ?? ??????? ? ???????? – ?????? ???????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? H2O, ???????? ?????? ? ??? ???????.

???????????? ???????????? ? ??????? Nature Astronomy.